Psychological Tests Are An Objective And Standardized...

In research, psychological tests are an objective and standardized measure of a sample of a behavior (Fishman Galguera, 2003). A successful test is one that is reliable and valid, for which test construction is the ultimate goal (Fishman Galguera, 2003). Validity gives the indication when the test or instrument a researcher is using, measures what they intended to be measured (Trochim Donnelly, 2008). Validity refers to when determining what is being measured compared to reliability, which estimates the consistency of measurement and refers to the results of the test and not the test itself (Fishman Galguera, 2003). There are two types of validity, internal and external. Internal validity measures the effect of the independent variable on the depend variable compared to external variable, which examines the whether or not the results can be generalizes to a wider population (Fishman Galguera, 2003; Trochim Donnelly, 2008). Assessing internal validity is used to measure behavior between the participants, although, the test does measure a difference in behavior among participants, and the test does not reflect the measurement difference, than the test has no internal validity (Fishman Galguera, 2003; Trochim Donnelly, 2008). Assessing external validity refers to determining if the results of the test can be generalized to populations or situations beyond what is being measured. Although tests are not valid in and of themselves, to ensure test score validity,Show MoreRelated The Controversy of Standardized Testing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesControversy of Standardized Testing â€Å"No issue in the U.S. Education is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and learning† (Phelps). A tool that educators use to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. 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They deal with large cohort groups as well as analyze large amounts of data. â€Å"A quantitative researcher typically tries to measure variables in some way, perhaps by using commonly accepted measures of the physical world (e.g., rulers, thermometers, oscilloscopes) or carefully designed measures of psychological characteristics or behaviors (e.g., tests, questionnaires, rating scales)† (Leedy Ormrod, 2010, p. 94). Qualitative studies are slightly different in that they do not use large

Final Exam Intro to Politics free essay sample

Subject: Introduction to Politics Lecturer: Akbar Meirio Assignment: Clipping about a country phenomenon (Republic of Korea) using Post- Behavioralist Approach South Koreas first nudist beach planned to boost tourism A South Korean province is considering setting up the countrys first nudist beach in an attempt to boost tourism, but is already receiving protests from the public, officials said Wednesday. The idea was initially put forward by the East Sea-Rim Headquarters (ESRH) a department of the government in the eastern province of Gangwon. The proposal envisages opening a nudist area by 2017 to attract more foreign visitors to a province known for its sandy beaches. We see this project as part of our efforts to promote tourism, an ESRH official said. Despite its rapid modernisation, South Korea remains a largely conservative country and the official said the plan would need the approval of local residents. Without their consent, it will be difficult to push ahead, she said. We will write a custom essay sample on Final Exam Intro to Politics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, weve already received protest calls from some residents since the project was reported, she added. The idea of a nudist each was first mooted in 2005 but was swiftly discarded because of public opposition. South Korea considers first nudist beach an attempt to boost tourism. The idea of a South Korean nudist beach was first mooted in 2005 Photo: GETTY The idea was put forward by the East Sea-Rim Headquarters (ESRH) a department of the government in the eastern province of Gangwon but is already receiving protests from the public, officials said on Wednesday. The proposal envisages opening a nudist area by 2017 to attract more toreign visitors to a province known tor its sandy beaches. We see this project as part of our efforts to promote tourism, an ESRH official said. Despite its rapid modernisation, South Korea remains a largely conservative country and the official said the plan would need the approval of local residents. South Korea to get its first nude beach? By Frances Cha Officials havent decided which beach will be sans-clothes. In this photo: Yonghwa Beach in Gangwon Province. (CNN) Cold water and nude beaches dont necessarily mix well. Add to the equation a very conservative society and the idea of a nude each seems rather ambitious, if not impossible. In a surprisingly creative tourism push, officials in north east Gangwon Province are aiming to set up South Koreas first nude beach, with the first clothes to be shed in 2017. Its an effort to boost tourism to the peninsulas east coast beaches, which lose out every year to the west coast in luring summer visitors from the capital Seoul. Although the east coast has more beautiful, sandy beaches, the water tends to be colder, the season shorter and the distance from Seoul is greater than the beaches to the west. The massively popular annual mud festival is also held on the west coast. Skinny dip-friendly This is part of our plans to create beaches with specific purpose, like a beach for families, a beach for couples, a beach for pets, and yes, a nude beach, said an official from the municipalitys Pan-East Sea Division at a seminar on Tuesday, according to the Korea Times. Calls by CNN to officials were not answered on Thursday. Somewhat surprisingly, this is not the first time the subject has been broached by government officials. And in the past its the public thats shuttered the idea. Gangwon Province tried to launch a female-only nude beach in 2005, while

The Go-Between LP Hartley Essay Example

The Go-Between LP Hartley Essay The Go-Between is a story of memories, told by a man in his sixties, looking back on his boyhood to the particular summer of 1900 on a visit to an aristocratic family in Norfolk, where a chain of events that took place, due to his naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½vetà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, provoked the downfall of the main character, Leo Colston. His two-week stay in a grand house, among upper-class strangers scarred him, and contributed to the type of life that he has grown accustomed to ever since, that of a companionless and removed life. The prologue of The Go-Between serves several purposes, being an introduction to the character, his life and how he came to remember that summer in which his life was changed forever.The prologue opens with the cultured and educated bachelor in his sixties, Leo Colston, rummaging through a box of memories he once owned, taken from the year 1900, including the diary he kept for that year. The discovery of the diary and the other miscellaneous contents of the box; rusty magnet s, photo negatives, dried sea urchins, etc. awaken the events that took place of the summer of 1900 which had been concealed and forgotten deep within his mind, and the contents of the diary as what he, Leo Colston, believes encouraged him to become the lonely and detached person he is today, in 1953, when the novel is set.With the opening line of The past is a foreign country, they do things differently there a theme of the past and memory is instantly aroused. Even though the theme of the past is conjured up, there is a greater sense of distance, not only in the past but the way that the character himself is distanced by the choice of grammar, they instead of we and do instead of did. The opening line suggests Leos past to be of a foreign nature, meaning that his memories of his past have become foreign to him due to the fact that he buried them deep within his mind in order to forget the events that occurred the year of 1900. From the initiating line of The past is adifferently t here, the reader is immediately made aware that this is a story of the past, and suggests an alienation of events which may have occurred in the past, with which the main character, Leo Colston, has consequently attempted to block from his mind.After rifling through the contents of the recently discovered box, the older Leo discovers the diary, which contain the events that were to change him from then onwards. At first Leo doesnt recognise the diary, only the diary refused to disclose its identity p5, and he primarily believes that it was a present someone had brought (me) from abroad p5, again emphasising the theme of things being foreign to him because they have been mentally blocked and so when he is confronted with these things later on in life they are seemingly alien. The older Leo is stumped as to why he cannot remember the diary because he believes that he must have treasured it at the time due to its expensive appearance, and so therefore he is unwilling to open it because it questioned his memory and he disliked having it (his memory) prompted, p5. After some time attempting to remember what the diary held and stood for, he ventures at opening the combination lock, and as soon as he hears the click of the diary opening, it was as though the key in the lock of his memory turned, and the chain of events recorded in the diary were uncovered.As soon as these events are recognised, the elder Leo realises that without the recorded events occurring, he would be a very different person leading a very different life, not looking into the past but into the futureand not sitting alone, p 6. This recognition causes the reader to conceive and comprehend the importance and the scarring effect that these events had upon the younger Leo, at the age of 12. The reader does not yet know of something that could be so powerful to change someone so much and in so many ways, but is forewarned of the importance of the events that took place that summer were to be never for gotten, etched forever in his memory, by the slow release of information of how the character comes to remember the contents of the diary.In the act of opening the diary, he notes the signs of the Zodiac on the first page, recounting his fascination with them and their significance. Including the fact that it was also he year of 1900, the dawn of a new era, caused the young Leo to hold great expectations of the new century, hoping it to be the turning point of his otherwise hum-drum life, living with his widowed mother in a working-class lifestyle, and unfortunately the year 1900 was the pinnacle of his life, but changed it for the worse, not the better.The rapture of and attention paid to the signs of the Zodiac is heightened to the fact that the signs provided his young and impressionable imagination symbols with which to attach to people and reflect upon them. The older Leo remembers his particular intrigue of the sign of the Virgin the distinctly female figure in the galaxy, p7, which would later be recognised as Marian, his envy of the manly signs of the Archer and the Water-Carrier, and also his wanting to disassociate himself with his sign, Leo, because it was that of an animal, and therefore considered unmanly by him. Due to this dislike of being recognised as an animal, he searches for a more grown up zodiacal figure to model himself on, and is attracted to the signs of the Archer and the Water-carrier. The elderly Leo also remembers his enthusiasm of the coming about of the turn of the century, believing it to be the dawn of a Golden Age, p8, and a year that would change his life. To begin with, while Leo is still at boarding school, it is noticeable that his main fantasies were about being on the brink of a golden age seem to bear no relation to his real experience as a schoolboy. He is content to keep his imaginary world and his real life separate, which display to the reader that the events of the two-week stay at Brandham Hall must have scarred h im to a great degree considering the lonely life Leo has grown to lead.It is made apparent to the reader the Hartley must have chosen to set the novel in the year 1900 so to convey the idea that Leo believes himself to be living in a year which will change the rest of time, and is the beginning of the rest of his life. In the prologue it is clear that the novel will continue the theme of Leos youthful idealism and ultimately his disillusionment. The choice of a new century and particularly the twentieth century provides an ideal setting for Leos story.The older Leo recalls a specific time when he was a schoolboy at boarding school, the diary being one of his prides and joys, and would flaunt it about in front of the other boys. The diary was then stolen and the use of the word Vanquished within it caused him to be severely bullied by two boys, Jenkins and Strode. The older Leo reflects on this and accepts his pretentious use of a word such as vanquished at the time of being a school boy and continues to recount how he got revenge, by writing three curses in the diary with his own blood. When the curses came to light and reality, he was respected, afterwards I was quite a hero, p12, maybe even feared by the other schoolboys as Jenkins and Strode were both critically injured when the fell from the roof of a building.When Leo goes to look at the diary again, he sees assorted occurrences and affairs leading up to the two-week stay in Brandham Hall. After the noting of the name Brandham Hall, he reads through the list of guests that stayed there at the same time as him, and also the noting of the maximum temperature for each day, up until the 26th of July, the last entry in the month of July and the last entry in the diary, I did not have to turn the pages to know that they would be blank, p16. The emphasis on the fact that the older Leo knew that after that date he had not continued to use the diary causes the reader to realise that the two weeks in July was the ti me scale which within Leo became a changed person.The accentuation of the recordings of the maximum temperature for each day of Leos stay at Brandham Hall in 1900 introduces the authors use of pathetic fallacy to the reader thus enabling the author to use the weather to reflect the feelings and emotions of certain characters. By recording the temperature, after each day I had recorded the maximum temperature p16, it initiates to the reader that the summer of 1900 must have been an extremely hot one and so the heightened atmosphere of the heat would add to the building of ambience around specific characters.As the older Leo opens the diary, it is noted that the stirring of the memories of that summer was like the loosening of phlegm in an attack of bronchitis, which were waiting in anticipation to be freed from where that had been buried all these years. The older Leo then goes on to explain about how what happened at Brandham Hall was to change him forever as it was the first time i n his life that he felt he had been a significant figure within a certain company, and this significance had lead to disaster. This therefore conveys to the reader Leos fear of mattering, the saying pride comes before a fall comes to mind and so it appears that the older Leo has continued to hold the belief that pride is a sensation to be wary of as it can cause a greater damage. Because of the great pride Leo held as a young boy, he believes that it may have contributed to the enormous breakdown he suffered after the stay at Brandham Hall and so has chosen to blend into the background throughout his life. This is seemingly in order not to get so high on his horse so that he becomes blind to the things that are actually going on around him, suffering great consequences, as he once did as a boy.The idea of Leo attaching symbols of the zodiac to unfamiliar people in order to characterise them and create a more friendly feeling towards them is again emphasised in the later stages of th e prologue. The unknown guests also staying at Brandham Hall within the same two weeks as Leo, had, according to the younger Leo, zodiacal properties and proportions and were the substance of his dreams, p16. These descriptions furtherly stress Leos habit of putting people on pedestals, having a fixed image of them in his mind, which they may not actually fulfil, remaining in awe of them believing that they were above him. It is clear to the reader that Leo idealised the guests staying at Brandham Hall, relating them to the signs of the zodiac in order for them to become more familiar and to gain a further understanding of them.The imaginary conversation that the older Leo has with his younger self follows swiftly on, and is a good example of the distinctness between the two Leos, what the one was like before the events that occurred at Brandham Hall and what the other has become due to the events that occurred, showing a distance between them. When Leo, as an old man, expects the y ounger Leo to question why his life has ended up as it has after all that he did in his first twelve years in order to have a greater life, the older Leo replies that it was the younger Leos fault for becoming too big-headed. Again the line of pride coming before a fall is accentuated as the older Leo explains quite simply you flew too near to the sun and got scorched, p 17. This being a reference to Icharus of Greek Mythology who had winged sandals, became too big headed and flew too near to the sun, melting the glue on the wings and thus falling to his death. This cindery creature is what you made me, p 17, acts as a justification to the younger Leo as to why the older Leo has become what he has become, believing that it was the breakdown he suffered after staying at Brandham Hall from which he never recovered. The older Leo concludes that it was his younger selfs too high expectations of the new century that added to his downfall, as they were expectations that could never be rea ched.As the conversation between the two very different Leos continues, the older Leo argues that even though the Maudsleys, Ted, Marian or Hugh did him wrong, he insisted on looking at them as angels, even if they were fallen angels, p 17. This proves that as the younger version of Leo had idealised these people, almost viewed them as icons, he could not plant any blame for what followed onto them, he couldnt allow the perfected images he had of them in his head to be tarnished, so accepted the blame himself. Even over fifty years later, it is made apparent to the reader that it obviously still bothers Leo, showing that he hasnt been able to fully bury the memories and cannot, even though he wants to, put it behind him. The last line of the conversation between the two contrasting Leos, try now, try now, it isnt too late p 18, is an obvious desperate plea for closure of the subject by the older Leo in order to regain some normality to his life.The next paragraph tells the reader of how the voice of the younger Leo had haunted Leo as an older, more mature man, and that it had only confirmed his suspicions that he could no longer bury his memories, but had to confront them head on. The next stage brings the reader back to reality, the clock struck twelve p 18, sets the scene again, back to where Leo had been rifling through his old belongings. The last word of the prologue, LEO, p18, furtherly accentuates his fascination with the zodiac as a boy and also his mild egotism at this age, for using his name as the code to the lock.In conclusion to what the prologue does for a reader in preparing them for the novel, is that in the way in which it is written, including intriguing flashbacks, memories and talk of the past, the author quickly has enraptured the readers attention into finding out what could have emotionally scarred the main character Leo, so much so, that it in return ended up ruining his life.

12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essays

12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essays 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essay 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose Essay Essay Topic: 12 Angry Men 12 Angry Men In 12 Angry Men by Henry Fonda and Reginald Rose a young man charged with the murder of his father, is in the hands of twelve men all with entirely diverse views. After hearing, the case the jurors go into discussions. Eleven of the twelve men are convinced that the boy murdered his father. However, Juror #8, Davis (Henry Fonda). Doesn’t necessarily believe the boy is guilty, rather wants to explore the evidence and discuss the trial further. Davis, was the most important juror in Twelve Angry Men for a number of reasons. First is that when all the other jurors voted guilty without even thinking about their decisions, Juror #8 suggested that they talk about it for a little bit before jumping to conclusions. When asked if he thought the boy was guilty or not guilty, he said, â€Å"I don’t know. † This shows that he hadn’t decided one way or the other. When asked why he voted this way, he replied, â€Å"It’s not easy for me to raise my hand and send a boy off to die without talking about it first. This shows that he wanted to talk things over with the other jurors before he makes a decision. Even when some of the other jurors got mad and started arguing with him, he stayed composed and tried to work things out in a rational manor. Later on he said, â€Å"I just want to talk for a while. † This is more proof that he wanted to discuss the issue. Secondly Juror #8 re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The third reason is that he con vinced Juror #9 to change his vote to not guilty. This was a vital step because it added question and doubt to the other jurors and made it acceptable to change their minds as well. This was important because if no one changed his or her decision in the second vote, Juror #8 said he would change his vote to not guilty. However, Juror #9 did change his vote giving Juror #8 more time to talk about the case. Juror #9 said, â€Å"He gambled for support and I gave it to him. I want to hear more. † By convincing one person to change their vote, it forced everybody to listen to more arguments, and possibly change their thinking on the case. The third reason Juror #8 was the most important juror is that he re-enacted scenes from the night of the murder in order to prove his points. The first time Juror #8 re-enacted a scene was when he proves that the old man could not have walked from his bedroom to the hallway in fifteen seconds. He did this by measuring how far his bedroom was from he hallway, and then walking it himself. It took him thirty-one seconds, making it impossible for the old man to have made it in fifteen. By doing this re-enactment, he changed the minds of several other jurors. With the points I have given, Juror #8 is the most important juror. Not only did he do what he felt was the right thing to do, but he also may have saved a boy’s life. For these reasons Juror #8 is the most important juror in Twelve Angry Men. Juror # 3, a so called sadistic man who had at one point in the movie admitted he would pull the switch himself to end the boys life. It was never revealed why #3 feels so passionate about putting the boy to death. Numerous reasons can influence a jurys decision, such as personal prejudice and emotional make-up of individual jurors, personal life history such as home life and environment. Many elements can alter a juror’s decision. Juror #8 tries to convince #3 how the boy is not guilty beyond reasonable doubt but #3 does not listen and would rather see the boy die. â€Å"For this kid, you bet Id pull the switch†. This shows how emotionally unstable Juror #3 is. He is a grown man living in a civilized community and would like to see a boy who he does not even know die by his own hands. Because of Juror # 8, the others must now go over the whole case again to review the facts. Juror #3, who is convinced that the boy is guilty, and is allied with Juror #4, who is eventually convinced by #8 showing of how the two testimonies given by the older woman and old man are lies, stating that the old man who had a stroke the previous year and walked with a limp, could not have witnessed the boy running down the stairs calming that it were impossible for the man to get from one room, down the hall and to the latched door in enough time to see the boy. The woman who wore glasses clamed to be in bed unable to sleep when she saw the boy murder his father, though she wore glasses and when in bed is unrealistic to be wearing them while trying to sleep. Both statements with reasonable doubt. The way which the father was stabbed being another, the boy was a experienced knife fighter and the way the father was stabbed did not correlate with the way someone with experience with knifes especially a switch blade would follow through with the act. #4 sees the truth in that #8 has brought to attention and still votes guilty.

The Crab Nebula Supernova Remnant

The Crab Nebula Supernova Remnant Theres a ghostly remnant of star death out there in the night-time sky. It cant be seen with the naked eye. However, stargazers can glimpse it through a  telescope. It looks like a faint wisp of light, and astronomers have long  called it the Crab Nebula. The Ghostly Remains of a Dead Star This faint, fuzzy-looking object is all that remains of a massive star that died in a supernova explosion thousands of years ago. The most famous recent image of this cloud of hot gas and dust was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope  and shows amazing detail of the expanding cloud. Thats not quite how it looks from a backyard-type telescope, but its still worth searching out from November through March each year. The Crab Nebula lies about 6,500 light-years from Earth in the direction of the constellation Taurus. The debris cloud has been expanding ever since the original explosion, and now it covers an area of space about 10 light-years across. People often ask if the Sun will explode like this. Thankfully, the answer is no.   Its not massive enough to create such a sight. Our star will end its days as a planetary nebula.   The Crab Through History For anyone alive in the year 1054, the Crab would have been so bright they could see it in the daytime.  It was easily the brightest object in the sky, besides the Sun and Moon, for several months. Then, as all supernova explosions do, it began to fade. Chinese astronomers noted its presence in the sky as a guest star, and its thought that the Anasazi people who lived in the U.S. desert southwest also noted its presence. Weirdly enough, there are NO mentions of it in European histories of the time, which is somewhat odd, since there WERE people observing the sky.   Some historians have suggested that perhaps wars and famines kept people from paying much attention to celestial sights. Whatever, the reasons, the historical mentions of this awesome sight were pretty limited.   The Crab Nebula got its name in 1840 when William Parsons, the Third Earl of Rosse, using a 36-inch telescope, created a drawing of a nebula he spotted that he thought looked like a crab. With the 36-inch telescope, he was not able to fully resolve the colored web of hot gas around the pulsar. But, he tried again a few years later with a bigger telescope and then he could see greater detail. He noted that his earlier drawings were not representative of the true structure of the nebula, but the name Crab Nebula was already popular.   What Made the Crab What It Is Today? The Crab belongs to a class of objects called supernova remnants (which astronomers shorten down to SNR). They are created when a star many times the mass of the Sun collapses in on itself and then rebounds out in a catastrophic explosion. This is called a supernova. Why does the star do this?  Massive stars eventually run out of fuel in their cores at the same time they are losing their outer layers to space. That expansion of the stellar material is called mass loss, and it actually begins long before the star dies. It gets more intense as the star ages, and so astronomers recognize mass loss as a hallmark of a star that is aging and dying, particularly if theres a LOT of it happening. At some point, the outward pressure from the core cant hold back the massive weight of the outer layers, They collapse in and then everything blasts back out in a violent burst of energy. That sends huge amounts of stellar material out to space. This forms the â€Å"remnant† that we see today. The leftover core of the star keeps contracting under its own gravity. Eventually, it forms a new type  of object called a neutron star. The Crab Pulsar The neutron star  at the heart of the Crab is very small, probably just a few miles across. But it is extremely dense. If someone had a can of soup filled with neutron star material, it would have about the same mass as Earths Moon!   The pulsar itself is roughly in the center of the nebula and spins very fast,  about 30 times a second. Rotating neutron stars like this are called pulsars (derived from the words PULSating stARS). The pulsar inside the Crab  is one of the most powerful ever observed. It injects so much energy into the nebula that astronomers can detect light streaming away from the cloud in virtually every wavelength, from low-energy radio photons to the highest energy  gamma rays. The Pulsar Wind Nebula The Crab Nebula is also referred to as a pulsar wind nebula or PWN. A PWN is a nebula that is created by the material that is ejected by a pulsar interacting with random interstellar gas and the pulsar’s own magnetic field. PWNs are often difficult to distinguish from SNRs, since they often look very similar. In some cases, objects will appear with a PWN but no SNR. The Crab Nebula contains a PWN inside the SNR, and it appears as a sort of cloudy area in the middle of the HST image. Astronomers continue to study the Crab and chart the outward motion of its remnant clouds. The pulsar remains an object of great interest, as well as the material its lighting up as it swings its searchlight-like beam around during its rapid spin.      Edited by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Any topic (writer's choice) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Any topic (writer's choice) - Essay Example Gladwell notes that there is a disadvantage in the perceived advantaged classroom setups. He elaborates the situation using the inverted U curve Theory. Using the theory, it is clear that majority of American parents prefer small classrooms to large ones. The U curve theory provides that most people prefer working in small groups. However, people choosing to work in small groups do not consider the disadvantages associated with small numbers. Using the U curve theory, Gladwell notes that most American Schools brag about their small sized classrooms that allow providing maximum teacher-student interactions (Gladwell 97). Gladwell notes that the schools might be disillusioned since there are certain disadvantages associated with such setups. Small class size does not give students a wide exposure to the world of reality through discussions. Essentially, the discussions in small class size are minimal and, therefore, limit students’ interactions in the learning environment. Gladwell adopts the Little Pond Theory to explain the freedom of disadvantage. Gladwell argues that people underestimate the power vested in them and, therefore, do not realize the potential they have. He gives an example of how the above-average students think that they are bright and should score high grades (Gladwell 134). In addition, the above average students tend to choose only institutions or courses which have a better reputation or ranking. To their shock, the institutions or courses contain valedictorians that provide uniformity to all students.

Markiting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Markiting - Case Study Example The paper would make an attempt to explore marketing mix of Sainsbury’s (2011), effect of internet on the same, issues that have arose from cultures or globalisation and Search engine optimisation (Pickton & Masterson, 496-499, 2010). Marketing Mix Product Quite understandably, being a retailer the product of Sainsbury’s (2011) ranges from grocery to home furniture, organic products to frozen foods, sports goods to clothing, from fashion to DVDs, the product line of Sainsbury’s is spread over different products. However, the focus has been to create a product line, which is more inclined towards non-perishable items rather than perishable items. For most of the large sized stores of Sainsbury’s would end up stocking more than 30,000 lines. However, important here to note is that out of these 30,000 lines around 6,000-7,000 product lines would be the company’s â€Å"own label† goods. Important here to note is that Sainsbury has been actively e xtending many product lines as well. For example, there are more than 700 line of the â€Å"basic† product, which the economy product line of the company. Furthermore, the company has also extended to include more than 1100 premium products in its line under the umbrella of â€Å"Taste the difference† category. Moreover, this has also allowed the company to customise its product line greatly. Sainsbury’s is now selling many well-known brands and along with them, it is selling many brands that have been custom made for its customers. Place Without any doubts, the factor of place has great importance in marketing. The company currently holds more than 872 stores all over United Kingdom. The stores appear to be in three formats including the regular stores, convenience and smaller supermarkets and the hypermarkets. In order to satisfy the needs and demand, there are some superstores of the company that operate on a 24/7 basis. The format of the store opened by Sain sbury’s largely depends upon the area and the need of the customers of that locality (Lancaster & Massingham, pp. 264-266, 2010). Important here to note is that how well Sainsbury’s and other retailers have been able to respond to the threat of disintermediation. Critics predicated that with the rise of brick and motor companies, retailers would become extinct. However, Sainsbury has been able to respond well to the challenge of disintermediation by intermediation and setting up new online business. Promotion Sainsbury’s has been an aggressive marketer and promoter for its products. The same is evident with the fact that recently, Sainsbury’s signed a deal with the administration of 2012 Summer Paralympics, which will take place during 29 August and 9 September 2012. Sainsbury’s has taken a bold step by signing a deal, which is the largest in the history of this event. Sainsbury’s also takes the credit of giving the advertising world â€Å" the best known slogan in retail advertising† which is of â€Å"Good Food Costs Less at Sainsbury’s.† Furthermore, since 2000, after being pushed at the third position in the retail industry of United Kingdom, it pursued aggressive promotion strategies. Using Jamie Oliver as the ambassador for the corporation, it has been able to add more than extra 1 billion Euros

Negotiating Agreement Essay Example for Free

Negotiating Agreement Essay The book â€Å"Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In† by Roger Fisher and William Ury discusses the principles to a win-win approach to negotiation. As they discussed each of the principles, the authors also described the obstacles to handling negotiation. To overcome them, the authors suggest observing these principles as stages in the process of negotiation. (Fisher Ury, 1983). The first principle requires negotiators to â€Å"separate the people from the problem. † According to this principle, negotiators should focus not on the people but rather on the solution. When negotiators are people-focused, conflict would inevitably arise. A good negotiation can be achieved by being more solutions-focused (Fish Ury, 1983). Fisher and Ury identified three problem areas that could prevent negotiators to overcome the first stage: conflicting perspectives, emotions, and communication. When negotiating, opposing viewpoints may arise. Hence, making an effort to understand the perception of the other party can help resolve the conflicting perspectives. Emotions are also part of the negotiation process, and it is important to acknowledge and deal with them accordingly. For instance, there are negotiators that have trust issues, so they are assume the worst and are afraid of trusting the other party. Instead of disregarding these emotions, both parties must reassure both sides of their good intentions. Finally, the negotiators should learn to listen actively and focus on what the other party is trying to express. In this way, misunderstandings would be avoided and the best solution for both sides can be achieved (Fisher Ury, 1983). The second principle states that one should focus on the interests of both parties, rather than their positions. When negotiating, both parties may hold a position or stand. To reach an agreement that benefits both sides, it is important to understand why they hold such a position. Through this, both parties’ interests would be identified and understood. This is essential in order to come up with a solution that best satisfies the interests of both parties. The third principle requires a negotiator to invent options for mutual gains. However, there are four obstacles that get in the way of generating creative options: premature judgment, searching for the single answer, assumption of the fixed pie, and thinking that solving their problem is their problem. The authors suggested several techniques to overcome these obstacles (Fish Ury, 1983). Separating the process of developing options from the evaluation stage is the first technique. Both parties should cooperate in order to produce more possible solutions to the problem. Brainstorming within the group can be best achieved by using four types of thinking: stating the problem, analyzing the problem, considering general approaches, and considering specific actions. Each side is encouraged to say their side regarding the problem. After a variety of proposals are set by both parties, they should evaluate these ideas. The evaluation process should begin with the most desirable proposals. In this way, both parties can improve and polish the proposals that fit the interest of both parties. The key to convincing people to agree is to make their decision an easy one to make. The last principle states that the negotiators should insist on using objective criteria. In order to resolve conflicting interest, the authors suggest that both parties should develop objective criteria which can serve as reasonable standards which they can base their decision upon. With these standards, an agreement that benefits both parties would be reached. By reading this book, I realized that in a negotiation, everyone aims to get the best possible deal. However, we should bear in mind that a negotiation does not only concern our personal interests; it involves the interests of everyone included in the negotiation. When ego and pride is involved, the negotiation will not succeed. Thus, there is no room for selfishness in negotiation. In addition, more problems would be settled and more deals would be closed if both parties put an effort to understand each other and find a solution that is mutually beneficial to them. Reference: Fisher, R. William, U. (1983). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. New York, NY: Penguin Books.

Practicing Theory :: essays research papers

Putting Theories into Practice In politics, humans seem to be very contradictory towards one another. Many situations allot for disagreement as well as interesting discussions and conversations. I was watching the presidential debate when my girlfriend started shedding her opinion, which I didn’t quite agree with. It was as if she ignored what one candidate said and believed the other because there was a bias in her thinking. That, along with what each candidate was saying was causing sway in my opinion and I felt discomfort. I chose Cognitive Dissonance Theory for this incident due to the conflicting ideas going on in my head during this situation. When she started making biased comments about whatever a particular candidate said, I had conflicting thoughts that go right along with the dissonant relationship aspect of the Cognitive Dissonance Theory. I thought that in order to make a decision you need to know everything that happens not just bits and pieces of it, but what conflicted with this thought was her biased comment that was based solely on one statement. What I was after to make my own thoughts and judgments agreeable was to arrive at some level of consistent thoughts within myself as to how I can alleviate the tension. The reason for this dissonance was because of outside sources that led me to take action that caused an effect. But after the discussion with the other person I found myself trying to achieve consonance and reduce dissonance because of my discomfort. In essence I was trying to co nvince myself that I should try and find some compromise with what she was saying so the conflict would cease to exist. In order for the conflict to stop and cope with the dissonance my attitude had to change, which led me after the conversation to seek out selective exposure. This meant I had to seek information not present at that time to help reduce the dissonance within myself and stop the arguing between her and myself. From what she was saying I also sought out a different type of perception, selective interpretation. From the ambiguous information she offered I tried to compromise and make some of it consistent to my own thoughts that could help further to end the dissonance. The ultimate tactic I used that I wasn’t even aware of until I saw this term was minimal justification. The minimal incentive given in this case was just me saying, â€Å"I’m not saying you are wrong, I just want you to see the whole picture before you pass judgment.

Food Allergies

Food allergy is a reaction from the response of the immune system. It is a reaction to fight the harmful ingredient in the food. Food allergies vary between infants, children, and adults. The sign and symptoms for food allergies can show reactions that are minor to severe. Treatment for food allergies depend on the signs and symptoms. In infants and young children, they have reactions to milk or soy milk if they are allergic to it. Allergies to milk or soy formula (a milk substitute made from soybeans) sometimes occur in infants and young children. These early allergies sometimes do not involve the usual hives or asthma but rather can cause symptoms resembling infantile colic, and perhaps blood in the stool, or poor growth† (Stoppler). The reaction of food allergy in infants is monitored to see if there are any changes in the infants’ diet. The symptoms for children and adults are somewhat similar but with a different pattern.According to Stoppler: In adults, the most co mmon foods that cause allergic reactions are shellfish, such as shrimp, crayfish, lobster, and crab; nuts from trees, such as walnuts; fish; eggs; and peanuts, a legume that is one of the chief foods that cause serious anaphylactic reactions. In children, the most common foods that cause allergic reactions are eggs, milk, peanuts, and fruits, particularly tomatoes and strawberries. Children sometimes outgrow their allergies, but adults usually do not lose theirs. Food allergies happen when the body takes in food with an ingredient that the body cannot handle. It occurs when the body mistakes an ingredient in food – usually a protein – as harmful and creates a defense system (antibodies) to fight it. Food allergy symptoms develop when the antibodies are battling the â€Å"invading† food† (WebMD, Feb 2009). Some people form allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk, eggs, soy products, wheat and other products. Food allergies can be mistake for food intolerance. Food intolerance is a response by the digestive system. â€Å"It occurs when something in a food irritates a person’s digestive system or when a person is unable to properly digest or breakdown, the food.Intolerance to lactose, which is found in milk and other dairy products, is the most common food intolerance† (WebMD, Feb 2009). Food intolerance somewhat resembles to food allergies. â€Å"Food intolerance, however, is far more prevalent, occurs in a variety of diseases, and is triggered by several different mechanisms that are distinct from the immunological reaction responsible for food allergy† (Stoppler). Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening reaction for food allergies. â€Å"Anaphylaxis is a severe, whole-body allergic reaction to a chemical that has become an allergen† (MedlinePlus).The signs and symptoms for food allergies vary from minor to severe reactions. It also depends on how much food was consumed for it to trigger the reacti on and time. â€Å"All of the symptoms of food allergy occur within few minutes to an hour of eating† (Stoppler). Some symptoms are rashes, hives, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, itchy skin, shortness of breath, chest pain, swelling of the airways to the lungs, and anaphylaxis. The allergic reaction occurs in various ways. â€Å"A food allergy can initially be experienced as an itching in the mouth and difficulty swallowing and breathing.Then, during digestion of the food in the stomach and intestines, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain can start. Incidentally, the gastrointestinal symptoms of food allergy are those that are most often confused with the symptoms of different types of food intolerance† (Stoppler). The symptoms for food intolerance are nausea, stomach pain, gas, cramps, or bloating, vomiting, heartburn, diarrhea, headaches, irritability, and/or nervousness. One of the severe reactions is anaphylaxis. It is a life-threatening type of allergic reaction. Anaphylactic reactions are severe even when they start off with mild symptoms, such as a tingling in the mouth and throat or discomfort in the abdomen. They can be fatal if not treated quickly† (Stoppler). The symptoms occur from within seconds or minutes. The symptoms are abdominal pain or cramping, abnormal (high-pitched) breathing sounds, anxiety, confusion, cough, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, difficulty swallowing, fainting, light-headedness, dizziness, hives, itchiness, nasal congestion, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, skin redness, slurred speech, and wheezing.The signs for anaphylaxis are abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia), fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema), hives, low blood pressure, mental confusion, rapid pulse, skin that is blue from lack of oxygen or pale from shock, swelling (angioedema) in the throat that may be severe enough to block the airway, swelling of the eyes and/or eyes, weakness, and wheezing. Treatment for food allergie s are based on the signs and symptoms if the reaction is mild or severe. One needs to start with avoiding the food that triggers the allergen.If the food is avoided, the allergic reaction is avoided. â€Å"Avoiding the offending allergen in the diet is the primary treatment of food allergy. Once a food to which the patient is sensitive has been identified, the food must be removed from the diet† (Stoppler). For those who have mild allergies, nonprescription antihistamine could possibly control the symptoms. If nonprescription antihistamine doesn’t work then a prescribed antihistamine may need to be taken. For severe reactions, one could be treated in the emergency room or be treated by an epinephrine shot.According to WebMD, â€Å"Food Allergies-Treatment Overview†: If you have a severe allergic reaction, your initial treatment may be done in an emergency room or by emergency personnel. You will be given a shot of epinephrine to stop the further release of hista mine and to relax the muscles that help you breathe. You will then be prescribed an allergy kit that contains a syringe of epinephrine and antihistamine tablets. Epinephrine is administered through an auto-injector. It is also known as EpiPen. It is also a treatment to anaphylaxis.According to Stoppler: These individuals also always should carry a syringe of adrenaline (epinephrine [EpiPen]), obtained by prescription from their doctors, and be prepared to self-administer it if they think they are developing an allergic reaction. They then should immediately seek medical help by either calling the rescue squad or having themselves transported to an emergency room. Food allergies can be rated mild to severe in reaction. The reactions can be similar in children and adults but it depends on the time and what food was eaten and how much of it was eaten. Signs and symptoms vary from each person.Food allergies can be mistaken sometimes for food intolerance, food poisoning, and toxic reacti ons. The treatment as well depends on the severity of the reaction if it is a mild reaction to a severe reaction.Works Cited â€Å"Anaphylaxis. † MedlinePlus. 02 May 2010. Web. 22 Oct 2010. <http://www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000817. htm>. â€Å"Food Allergies-Treatment Overview. † WebMD. 09 Mar 2009. Web. 1 Nov 2010. <http://www. webmd. com/allergies/tc/food-allergies-treatment-overview>. â€Å"Is It a Food Allergy or Intolerance? † WebMD. 05 Feb 2009. Web. 22 Oct 2010.

Baghban Essay

The story revolves around a family where the parents have spent all the earnings plus provident fund on their children.. their study and for their settlement. But once the children(boys) are own their own and with their families they forget that they have some responsibility towards their parents too, because the parents do not have a pension to fall back upon. The children are quit upset over the thought that they have to now look after their parents and keep them along with them. They feel them as a burden and plan to SHARE them. This comes as a shock to the parents who agree with the decision taken by the children in a very supportive way,†¦. though in heart of hearts they are very disturbed. Now here we come to the conclusion friends are better than relations because at this junction of their lives friends givemoral supportin this crucial period when the parents are separated .. one living with one son and the mother living with the other son. Their small requirements are not met with and the mother is seen as a spoilsport and nagger. The father finds good company in a restaurant owner couple who pay him for the work of accounts he unknowingly does for them. Then help comesfrom their surrogate son whom the couple had sent abroad for higher studies. He gives them their due in the form of gifting them the house they lived in all their life and by also gifting them the love and respect that they deserve as parents. This opens the eyes of their own sons and they show repentance.

Skateholm - Late Mesolithic Site in Sweden

Skateholm - Late Mesolithic Site in Sweden Skateholm consists of at least nine separate Late Mesolithic settlements, all located around what at the time was a brackish lagoon on the coast of the Scania region of southern Sweden, and occupied between ~6000-400 BC. In general, archaeologists have believed that the people who lived at Skateholm were hunter-fishers, who exploited the lagoons marine resources. However, the size and complexity of the associated cemetery area suggests to some that the cemetery was used for a broader purpose: as a set aside burial place for special individuals. The largest of the sites are Skateholm I and II. Skateholm I includes a handful of huts with central hearths, and a cemetery of 65 burials. Skateholm II is located about 150 m southeast of Skateholm I; its cemetery contains some 22 graves, and the occupation had a few huts with central hearths. Cemeteries at Skateholm Skateholms cemeteries are among the earliest known cemeteries in the world. Both humans and dogs are buried in the cemeteries. While most of the burials are placed lying on their back with their limbs extended, some of the bodies are buried sitting up, some lying down, some crouching, some cremations. Some burials contained grave goods: a young man was buried with several pairs of red deer antlers placed above his legs; a dog burial with an antler headdress and three flint blades was recovered at one of the sites. At Skateholm I, elderly men and young women received the largest quantity of grave goods. Osteological evidence of the graves suggests that it represents a normal working cemetery: the burials show a normal distribution of gender and age at the time of death. However, Fahlander (2008, 2010) has pointed out that the differences within the cemetery might represent phases of occupation of Skateholm, and changing methods of burial rituals, rather than a place for special individuals, however that is defined. Archaeological Study at Skateholm Skateholm was discovered in the 1950s, and intensive research conducted by Lars Larsson was begun in 1979. Several huts arranged in a village community and about 90 burials have been excavated to date, most recently by Lars Larsson of the University of Lund. Sources and Further Information This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to the European Mesolithic, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Bailey G. 2007. Archaeological Records: Postglacial Adaptations. In: Scott AE, editor. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier. p 145-152. Bailey, G. and Spikins, P. (eds) (2008) Mesolithic Europe. Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-17. Fahlander F. 2010. Messing with the dead: Post-depositional manipulations of burials and bodies in the South Scandinavian Stone Age.  Documenta Praehistorica 37:23-31. Fahlander F. 2008. A Piece of the Mesolithic Horizontal Stratigraphy and Bodily Manipulations at Skateholm. In: Fahlander F, and Oestigaard T, editors. The Materiality of Death: Bodies, Burials, Beliefs. London: British Archaeological Reports. p 29-45. Larsson, Lars. 1993. The Skateholm Project: Late Mesolithic Coastal Settlement in Southern Sweden. In Bogucki, PI, editor. Case Studies in European Prehistory. CRC Press, p 31-62 Peterkin GL. 2008. Europe, Northern and Western | Mesolithic Cultures. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1249-1252.

Creating The Ultimate Word Of Mouth Marketing With Daniel Lemin

Creating The Ultimate Word Of Mouth Marketing With Daniel Lemin As a marketer, there’s so much to think about and focus on SEO, content, direct marketing, emails, inbound strategy†¦but where on that list does word-of-mouth marketing rank as a priority? Maybe it’s not high enough. How do you get your customers to talk about you? What are the steps to create a word-of-mouth strategy for your business? Today, we’re talking to Daniel Lemin, head of consulting at Convince and Convert and co-author of Talk Triggers. He shares how â€Å"same is lame† because consumers like different experiences and ignore average, as well as how talk triggers can turn customers into volunteer marketers and brand evangelists. Talk Triggers focuses on customer-driven conversation; as the client or brand, become the content and give a story to tell Talk Trigger Example: The Cheesecake Factory’s over-sized menu gets â…“ of its customers to talk about it usually, in jest Another Example: DoubleTree hotel’s fresh, warm cookies; customers talk about the uniqueness and difference they offer tangible part of experience Talk Trigger Criteria: Remarkable, relevant, reasonable, repeatable Get out from behind your desk to connect with customers and listen to them to uncover gaps in the customer journey Talk triggers often live between what a customer wants and what they really want Avoid surveys don’t ask the customer what they want Talk triggers could be characters or animals that become an integral part of branding and familiarity with your product (i.e. Freddie from Mailchimp) Links: Daniel Lemin Daniel Lemin on Twitter Convince and Convert Talk Triggers Jay Baer Different: Escaping the Competitive Herd Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Daniel Lemin: â€Å"Rather than just talking about creating content and coming up with more stuff to talk about, we as the client or as the brand become the content.† â€Å"We want to get customers talking about our brand. We know it’s important. The way for us to do that it is to give them a story to tell.† â€Å"Why would you not talk to your customers? Only in doing that, do you uncover some of these interesting little gaps in a customer journey.†

Introduction to Marketing requires you to submit at the end of the Assignment

Introduction to Marketing requires you to submit at the end of the semester a Final Project in the form of a marketing plan for Blue Mountain Spring Water, Inc - Assignment Example The company also holds future opportunities in the growing consumption trend of packaged drinking water. It has successfully designed it new product by targeting the young population, thereby increasing its customer base. However, the company also faces a steep competition from the well established brands like Aquafina and Dasani. Despite of the strong competition it has been able to gain market share by implementing competitive pricing and creating brand awareness. The financial goals include increasing the customer base of the company by market penetration. This will be achieved by developing new distribution channels and increase promotional activities. Moreover, the company will also collaborate with several hotels and restaurants and act as a supplier for bottled spring water. The company will further increase its product line by introducing flavored spring water. Thus the company will introduce one new product lines in its existing product port folio of packaged mineral water. This as a result will increase the revenue generation of the company. In the following financial year the revenue is expected to increase by 10%. The company also donates in several charity firms and NGO to promote â€Å"save water† campaign. The donation in the following fiscal will amount will to $20,000. This allows the company to increase their brand image and improve relationship other corporate firms. The company has planned to increase its product line by introducing flavored spring water. Moreover it will also delve in new market development by entering in to new geographic locations like Kentucky, Michigan and Ohio. In order to reduce the carbon footprint of the company and reduce its operating cost the company will outsource its material for packaging from a third party company in New Mexico. The company will also launch a new television commercial to push it new product line (Isa, Saman and Mohd â€Å"Dynamic Factors for Entry Location

Evaluate the applicability of Tedlow's three stage model to the Essay

Evaluate the applicability of Tedlow's three stage model to the product-market sector of your choice - Essay Example In most emergency rooms, the treatment would have cost over $500. Even better, this clinic accepted Ms. Charles’ insurance. If you also factor in the fact that Ms. Charles could do her grocery shopping in that store while she waited for the pharmacy to fill a prescription for her, you suddenly have a very convenient trip (Rowland). While Ms. Charles visited a clinic that was staffed by a doctor, most of the clinics inside Wal-Mart, Target, and other big-box retailers feature nurse practitioners, who can write prescriptions in most states. The retailers do not enter the world of medical care as part of their own corporate activities, but simply lease the space to clinics. It’s not just the big-box retailers who are looking into clinics, either. Because of the losses due to mail-order pharmacies and big-box retail sales, drugstore chains are also opening clinics. Rite Aid Corp., Brooks Eckerd Pharmacy, and Osco Drugs are all entering partnerships to open clinics, and Walgreen Co., the pharmacy chain with the most sales volume in the United States, is also negotiating a deal to have Take Care Health Systems LLC operate clinics in some of their retail locations. The retailers who are leasing space to these clinics hope to make profit not just from the leases themselves, but from the ancillary shopping that will go on while people wait for their prescriptions to be filled, or wait for their appointment to be called. It is similar logic to those grocery stores and big-box retailers who have leased space to banks, hair salons, postal service kiosks, and fast-food restaurants (Moewe). Doctors’ associations, as one might expect, have raised objections about the possible problems with this type of medical care. While nurse practitioners can treat a number of simple illnesses, the American Medical Association notes that simple symptoms can be indicative of any number of serious illnesses. The primary concern of

Review the United States v. Lopez case, and write a case brief Study

Review the United States v. Lopez , and write a brief - Case Study Example Later on, Lopez was arrested and charged for possessing a gun in a school. Issue – The impact of the 1990 Gun-Free School Zones Act, which forbids individuals from knowingly carrying a gun in a school zone, on the Commerce Clause. Is the Act unconstitutional? Does the Congress exceed its power to legislate under the Commerce Clause? Holding – Yes, the Congress is exceeding its power. Caring a gun in a school is an offence under criminal law, and does not interfere interstate commerce or any other economic activity. Lopez’s conviction has been reversed by the Court of Appeal, and affirmed by the United States Supreme Court. Rationale – The Court found that there was no obvious and direct connection between the act of possessing a gun in a school and commerce as an economic activity. The court found no connection between 18 U.S.C. Â § 922(q) and the Commerce Clause, which does have limits.

The Tragedy Of Macbeth Two Faced Macbeth

The Tragedy Of Macbeth Two Faced Macbeth The Tragedy of Macbeth, a play by William Shakespeare is a tragedy of death and dishonesty surrounded by the noblemen of Scotland. The two main characters are Macbeth, the Thane of Glamis and his wife Lady Macbeth. The play focuses around the conflict in Scotland at the time between the King and rebellious Scotsmen. After hearing about his prophecy from the three witches, Macbeth stops at nothing to accomplish his goal. Macbeth eliminated anyone that is in his path, even his dear friends. Macbeth is facing obstacles in his public life as well as in his private life. In his public life, he is a brave and respected nobleman who has the trust from others as well as King Duncan. In his private life, he ultimately comes face to face with death because of his greed and desire. His private life differs from his public life in many ways; his private life consists of poor decisions as well as greed and guilt, this eventually leads to the downfall of Macbeth. Macbeth is an ambitious nobleman w ho has a tendency to self-doubt; however he is also a two faced, selfish murderer whose gone mad hungry for power. Macbeth demonstrates himself in public to have fair character at the start of the play in difference to his foul self later on in the play. Macbeth characterizes a character of loyalty and heroism that proves the fairness of his character. In the play Macbeth exhibits two different faces; he portrays a different personality in private and in public. Macbeths ambition is his true tragic flaw, it causes his downfall. Macbeth speaks to himself saying, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦On which I must fall down, or else oerleap, / For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires; / Let not light see my black and deep desiresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (1.4.50-56). Malcolm, the son of King Duncan, is proclaimed Prince of Cumberland this means he is also the heir to the throne of Scotland. Macbeth is willing to push all his principles aside. He knows that murdering King Duncan in order to become King of Scotland is wrong. This is why he says it is necessary to conceal his black and deep aspirations. Macbeth also citied tha t, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself / And falls on th other (1.7.25-28). Macbeth confesses that the he only thing that is motivating him to kill King Duncan is his ambitions. Macbeths conscience bothers him throughout the story it is prohibiting him from forgetting all he knows about right and wrong. Here, ambition portrays as something ugly and dark. Macbeth quoted that, Away, and mock the time with fairest show/ False face must hide what the false heart doth know (1.7.81-82). Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are going over the plan to kill Duncan. Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth to go out there and entertain their guest and make them feel like their having a splendid time. They do not know that this is all part of their plot to kill King Duncan. Macbeth is concealing his true identity and his true intentions. His ambitions ultimately lead to his catastrophic downfall. In private, Macbeth exemplifies a sly and selfish person. Macbeths private self is influence by the three sisters prophecies and by Lady Macbeth in his purpose to kill. Lady Macbeth accuses Macbeth of being weak and not having the guts to kill King Duncan. Macbeth replies to her saying, I dare do all that may become a man; / Who dares do more, is none (1.7.47-48). Macbeth is saying that he can only do what is right for a man to do and if he dares to do anymore than he is not a man at all. He does not want to do anymore, but he is pressured by Lady Macbeth. She even questions his manhood. She thinks Macbeth is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦too full o the milk of human kindness (1.5.16). Macbeth is mentally weak; this is how Lady Macbeth easily influences him. Her strength encourages him at the start. Lady Macbeth insisted that Macbeth, Look like the innocent flower, / But be the serpent under it (1.5.67-68). Macbeth is acting innocent like a flower, but underneath that innocent flower be the serpent that is waiting to attack. To King Duncan, Macbeth is his innocent and loyal friend, when actually he is the enemy and a venomous man. This shows that looks can be deceiving. Macbeth is mentally a weak character that undertakes a drastic psychological change through the play. However, Macbeth then realizes what he has done and becomes guilty. He continues his murderous acts to persuade his dream of becoming King of Scotland. His guilty conscience causes him to hallucinate. Macbeth begins to think that he cannot sleep, Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep the innocent sleep, (2.2.33-34). Macbeth believes he cannot sleep because he has killed an innocent. Macbeths conscious sees Macbeth an evil person now and the evil Macbeth will only continue do evil actions. Macbeth believes that he still has the blood of King Duncan on his hands, Will all great Neptunes ocean wash this blood / Clean from my hand? (2.2.57-58). The blood on Macbeths hands symbolizes his guilt on him for murdering Duncan. Macbeth thinks that the whole ocean would not be able to wash away evidence of his guilt. His private life and doing causes him to feel guilty he quoted, I am in blood / Steeped in so far that, should I wade mo more, / Returning were as tedious as go oer (3.4.136-138). Macbeth is saying that the situation is already at a bad standpoint and he would like to get the situation over with because he is sick of waiting and living in guilt. He realizes that finding out other bad thing would not make the situation worse because he would still be standing in the same situation. He ends up with a blameworthy sense of right and wrong. His private life consists of poor decisions as well as greed and guilt; this eventually leads to his downfall. In The Tragedy of Macbeth, Macbeth ultimately faces obstacles in his public life as well as in his private life. At the end of the day he comes face to face with death because of his greed and desire. His private life differs from his public life in many ways; his public life consists of loyalty and honor in contrast with his private life that consists of poor decisions as well as greed and guilt, this eventually leads to the downfall of Macbeth. This shows that Macbeth, an ambitious nobleman can also be a two faced, selfish murderer who stops at nothing to become king and gain power.

Tracing the Moral Development of Huck Finn Essay -- Mark Twain The Adv

Tracing the Moral Development of Huck Finn Living in the 1800's wasn't an easy task. There were many hardships that a person had to endure. In the novel, The Adventures of Huck Finn, the author Mark Twain portrays the adventure of a young boy. Huck, the young boy, goes on a journey with various dilemmas. The novel starts off in Missouri on the Mississippi River. Huck is taken from his guardians by his father and then decides to runaway from him. On his journey, he meets up with his former slave, Jim. While Huck and Jim are traveling down the Mississippi River, they meet a variety of people. Throughout the novel he takes on many different tasks which help shape his moral conscience. Taking on a new friend which society shuns, being without material possessions, and taking responsibility for his actions help Huck refine and reform the morals that make him a more mature young man. Huck develops morally from his companion on his journey, Jim, a runaway slave. At first, Huck doesn't respect Jim because he's his slave. "†¦He slipped Jim's hat off his head and hung it on a limb right over him†¦" P.6. This shows how Huck likes to trick Jim and play games on him. Later the two meet up on an island and immediately befriend and join up together. "†¦I didn't do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn't done that if I'd 'a' knew it would make him feel that way." P.86. Huck says this after fooling Jim and telling him that a real event was just a dream of his. He r...

Creative and Innovative Management Essay

Assignment titleUNDERSTANDING THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS The purpose of this assignment is to understand how creative and innovative management systems are built and run in organizations. Scenario You are assigned to a CIO (Chief Innovation Officer) position of a big scale company. You have an experience of 22 months in this company. In this period of time, you built a system to uplift creative and innovation management processes. In the end of your second year, you are supposed to write a report about your executions as CIO from the date you assigned to this position. In your report include the following: Task-1 Evaluate current creative and innovative management processes in your organisation (if not choose a company) by using the Innovation assessment check-list given to you by Tutor. Describe the procedures and make comparisons with other departments/organisations. (A.C. 1-1) ï‚ §Explain how to lead others to positively embrace innovation and change in your organization. Fill out the  «Leadership Style Inventory » and evaluate your style with pros and cons. (150 words) (A.C. 1-2) Task-2 Give details of your organisation’s  «mission » and  «vision » statements. Assess the influence of vision and mission on generation of creative and innovative management processes in your organisation. Explain your thoughts and compare with benchmark organisations’ mission and vision statements (A.C. 2-1) Use analytical tools to identify potential creative and innovative management ideas which you or your employees suggested. (A.C. 2-2) Choose an improvement idea of your own related with your job and assess its risks/benefits and feasibility using analytical tools. Submit  your study in max. 3 pages.(A.C.2-2, A.C.2-3) Use one of the change models to support the implementation of creative and innovative management idea of your own. (A.C.2-4) Evaluate the change process you experiences in near past according to the change models you are thought in class.(A.C.2-4) Task-3 Choose an improvement idea of your own that is implemented at work in near past and make your evaluations for below questions: – Who were the stakeholders and how were they affected by this implementation? – How did you motivate them to change their way of working with your new idea? – How did you produce an appropriate rationale to persuade stakeholders about the benefits of your creative and innovative management idea? (A.C. 3-1) – How did you communicate your idea with stakeholders? (A.C. 3-2) – What were the key goals and targets of your plan, How did you establish your key goals and priorities for implementation? (A.C.3-3) -How did you get feedback from stakeholders? (A.C.3-3) Submit your study in max. 3 pages. Task-4 Choose one your experiences related with change in which you took part directly or leaded. – Assess the barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea in your organisation (A.C.4-1) – How did you plan your strategy to overcome identified barriers to the implementation of a creative and innovative management idea in your organisation? (A.C.4-2) – Explain how a strategic plan for overcoming barriers will ensure innovative change to relevant stakeholders in an organisation. (A.C.4-3) Guidelines for the Assignment: Use standard Arial font size 11. Use 1.5 line spacing. Have a 2.5 centimetre margin on the left hand side of the page and a 2 centimetre margin on the right hand side. ïÆ' ²Include page numbers. Headings: use 16 point Arial Bold for first level headings, and 14 point Arial Bold for second level headings. If a third level heading is required, use 12 point Arial Bold. Attach a completed Statement and Confirmation of Own Work to the front of the paper copy of your assignment. The first page of your assignment should be a title page, which should also state your name, Edexcel BTEC ID number and the name of the Centre where you are studying. Include a table of contents. Start each task on a new page and include the question at the top of the page. Ensure any diagrams, screen shots, PowerPoint slides, etc fit correctly on the page and are referenced, for example, Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc. Check spelling, grammar and punctuation. You should also ensure that you proof read your document, because the above checks do not always pick up every mistake. ïÆ' ²Use accurate Harvard referencing and include a bibliography. Ensure you are aware of the word limit for the assignment (3000-3500 word limit) and any regulations that apply if you exceed the word limit. Include the total word count at the end of the assignment. Note: All work must be delivered in hard copy and soft copy; all assignments should be properly referenced. Textbooks Ashkenas R, Ulrich D, Jick T and Kerr S – The Boundaryless Organization (Jossey-Bass, 2002) ISBN 078795943X Birkinshaw J and Hagstrà ¶m P — The Flexible Firm (Oxford University Press, 2001) ISBN 0199248559 Cairncross F – The Death of Distance (Harvard Business School Press, 2001) ISBN 157851438X Christensen C – Innovation and the General Manager (McGraw-Hill, 2002) ISBN 0071183809 Christiansen J A – Competitive Innovation Management: Techniques to Improve Innovation Performance (Palgrave USA, 2003) ISBN 0312230257 Clegg B – Creativity and Innovation for Managers (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999) ISBN 0750642556 Drucker P F – Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007) ISBN 0750685085 Financial Times – Mastering Global Business (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 1998) ISBN 0273637061 David Ford D, Gadde L E, Hà ¥kansson H and Snehota I – Managing Business Relationships (John Wiley and Sons, 2003) ISBN 0470851252 Galbraith J R – Designing the Global Corporation (Jossey-Bass, 2000) ISBN 0787952753 Gupta A K and Westney E – Smart Globalization: Designing Global Strategies, Creating Global Networks (Jossey-Bass, 2003) ISBN 0787965324 Hammer M and Champy J – Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution (Harper, 2004) ISBN 0060559535 Hofstede G and Hofstede G J – Cultures and Organizations: Software for the Mind (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004) ISBN 0071439595 Jones T – Innovating at the Edge (Butterworth-Heinemann, 2002) ISBN 0750655194 Konopaske R and Ivancevich J M – Global Management and Organizational Behavior (McGraw-Hill Education, 2003) ISBN 0071232516 Mead R and Andrews T G – International Management: Culture and Beyond, 4th Edition (Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) ISBN 1405173998 Mercado S, Welford R and Prescott K – European Business, 4th Edition (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2000) ISBN 0273646001 Mole J – Mind Your Manners, 3rd Edition (Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2003) ISBN 1857883144 Neuhauser P, Bender R and Stromberg K – Culture.Com: Building Corporate Culture in the Connected Workplace (John Wiley and Sons, 2000) ISBN 0471645397 Schneider S C and Barsoux J L – Managing Across Cultures (Financial Times/Prentice Hall, 2002) ISBN 027364663X Thussu D K – International Communication: Continuity and Change, 2nd Edition (Hodder Education, 2006) ISBN 034088892X Tidd J and Bessant J – Managing Innovation (John Wiley and Sons, 2009) ISBN 0470998105 Journals Academy of Management Journal (Academy of Management) British Journal of Management (John Wiley and Sons) California Management Review (University of California, Berkeley) EuroMedia (Advanced Television Ltd) European Management Journal (Elsevier) Global Trade Review (Exporta Publishing and Events) Harvard Business Review (Harvard Business Publishing) Journal of Management Studies (John Wiley and Sons) Management Today (Haymarket Business Media) MIT Sloan Management Review (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Websites www.asa.org.ukAdvertising Standards Authority www.bbc.co.ukBritish Broadcasting Corporation www.benchmarkingnetwork.comThe Benchmarking Network Inc www.bized.co.ukLearning materials and case studies www.britishcouncil.org.ukBritish Council www.business.comBusiness search engine on business background www.cipd.co.ukChartered Institute of Personnel and Development www.direct.gov.ukPublic service information www.findarticles.comBNET – for articles in more than 500 publications www.ft.comFinancial Times archive www.i-l-m.comInstitute of Leadership and Management www.ico.gov.ukInformation Commissioner’s Office –data protection and freedom of information advice www.iso9000.orgInternational Quality Systems Directory www.managers.org.ukChartered Management Institute www.mintel.co.ukMintel International on consumer markets www.newsint-archive.co.ukThe Times and Sunday Times archive www.ons.gov.ukOffice for National Statistics

“a Farewell to Arms” by Hemingway

A Farewell to Arms A symbol is an idea that represents another idea that has meaning behind it. In â€Å"A farewell to arms† by Hemingway, there are several symbols that help us understand the story better. Rain, river, and the officer’s stars are some that Hemingway uses to represent another idea. Rain is a recurrent symbol in the book that represents the idea of death and lost. At the beginning of the book Lt. Henry says â€Å"At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain came the cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it in the army† (Hemingway 4). Lt. Henry is associating the rain with the seven thousands of soldiers that died. When Henry and Catherine are in the hospital she says that â€Å"she is afraid of the rain because she sees herself dead in it† (Hemingway 126). She says this because she is afraid that his love for Henry will not last and eventually their love will die. While rain represents death and lost in the other hand the river represents the opposite. River is another important symbol in â€Å"A farewell to arms†. The river represents hope, a new beginning. When Lt. Henry is capture by the battle police for treachery he thinks to himself; â€Å"So far they had shot every one they had questioned [†¦ ] I ducked down, pushed between two men, and ran for the river† (Hemingway 225). Lt. Henry jumps into the river because he wants to forget everything about the war. He leaves everything behind except Catherine to start a new life. Officers often wear stars to represent their status in the army and show how important they are. They represent competence and duty. In chapter 15 when Lt. Henry is the hospital because of his injured leg a doctor tells him they can not operate till 3 months. Lt. Henry calls for another doctor, Dr. Valentini which agrees to operate on him. Lt Henry says â€Å"There was a star in a box on his sleeve because was a major† (Hemingway 100). Henry is knows his in good hands because of the star the doctor is wearing while the other doctors did not have stars on their sleeve. Another example is chapter 32 when Henry talks about removing his stars and uniform; â€Å" I would like to have had the uniform off although I did not care much about the outward forms. I had taken off the stars [†¦] I was through. (Hemingway 232). Lt. Henry does this because he does not want to have anything related to war, since the stars and uniform represent his duty in war he takes it off to forget about the war. In â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† the symbols such as rain, river, and the officer’s stars help us understand the story better. Rain symbolizes death and lost while river symbolizes a new beginning, new life, and finally the stars the officers wear on their sleeve represent the competence and duty.